Cue ball and stick. If struck at the centre, cue ball will obviously go straight. If struck towards the right, it will spin to the left.
Back to golf. If the face strikes the ball on the outside aft, ball will spin to the left, known as draw/hook. If struck on the inside aft, ball will spin to the right, known as fade/slice.
Ok, I hope the above is correct.
No, it's not. The problem with your analogy is that there is a longer period of contact between a club face and a golf ball than there is with the cue ball and stick. The clubhead can make contact inside aft, but the clubface can rotate to square (relative to the target line) by the time the ball separates from the clubhead. Result--straight ball flight.