[12 piece bucket]

I doubt it will come as a surprise to those who truly understand Mr. Kelley that he never once taught how the shoulder contributes to power production like the teachers of today.

You will not find mention of torque, which is loosely defined as the differential between the degree of shoulder turn and hip turn on both the backstroke and the downstroke; therefore there is no X-Factor in TGM, neither Y nor Z too.

What is the purpose of the shoulder turn then?

1) TRANSMISSION
The shoulder is the fastest and furthest moving component of the pivot and transmits the pivot motion to the arms (Power Accumulators) - 7-13.

Also see 2-M-4, where Pivot Thrust is Body Power blasting the Swinger's inert Left Arm into orbit through impact or supplying the initial acceleration of the Hitter's loaded Power Package.

See also 8-7 and 8-8.

Here, I would like to raise a question. When a hammer thrower throws his implement, does his pivot keep moving or does it subside at a point in time and then the hammer flies off way in the distance.

Another analogy, when a batter or pitcher gets ready to bat or throw, do their pivots keep moving or does it subside at a point for the arms to be blasted off thus propelling the bat or ball at high speeds.

Yes, per 6-M-1, the Downstroke Sequence, it is Knees, Hips, Shoulders, Arms etc..., but there is less shoulder rotation than we think there should be.

In this regards, please see Momentum Transfer in the glossary.

In and of itself, the shoulders will not move the ball. In this regard, please refer to Power Package, Chapter 6.

Also with regard to power production, a careful reading of 2-M-2 is necessary.

2) POSITIONING
On the backstroke, the shoulder turn serves to keep the Right Shoulder on plane.

From there, the shoulder will then be able to move on the same Downstroke Plane as the hands and provide the most support and guidance to the stroke, 7-13.

The flatter the plane angle chosen, the more shoulder turn is required and vice versa - 10-13.

Incidentally, 10-13 holds the answer to the question of, "How much shoulder turn then?"

Per 5-0, since this is a Hand Controlled system, when you take your hands to the top of your backstroke using a Turned Shoulder Plane with a Top Power Package Assembly Point, then however much your shoulders need to turn to put the right shoulder on plane, is how much you need to turn.

As regards torque or coil then, if you are using a Square-Closed Plane Line (10-5-C) with a Short Pivot (10-12-B) with Standard Knee Action (10-16-A), then you will feel considerably less "torque" than if you used a Square-Open Plane Line (10-5-B) with a Delayed Pivot (10-12-C) with Right Anchor Knee Action (10-16-C).

I believe these verses from the book should clear the question of torque or no torque, coil or no coil and very possibly rid many of their back problems.

Lovin' my man Teddy Ballgame's Tracing 7's with the Right Shoulder.